Hypocalcaemia is a state when serum calcium levels are < 7 mg/dl in preterm neonates
and < 8 mg/dl in term neonates and < 8.5 mg/dl in older children. Prospective analytical study was
performed in children, < 2 years, who admitted in Hospital with hypocalcaemia or discovered
hypocalcaemia during admission. Biochemical serum investigations from the patients (S. Ca, Ph, alk
ph, Mg, Hb, PTH, Urea and S. Cr) and X. ray of left hand wrist. 63 children (44 boys, 19 girls) the
difference was statistically significant and age ranging from one day to 2 years with mean age of 5 ±
5.6 months, 46% of the patients are exclusive breast feeding and 41.4% of them are symptomatic at
age between 6 to 12 months of age and most of bottle feeding babies (90%) are symptomatic early
below 6 months of age. Most of the patients presented with abnormal movement (85.7%) and 12.7%
are asymptomatic. 1.6% of the patients presented with bow legs, 14% of the patients were preterm,
all of preterm patients are significantly presented early than term patients and 16% of the patients are
IUGR, and they are significantly presented early and about 6% of the patients are infant of diabetic
mother and significantly presented early, 73% of the mothers are multipara and 27% of the mothers
are primigravida, 93.8% of primigravida mothers had normal. Serum calcium was compared with
80.5% of multiparty mothers; the difference was statistically not significant. All the patients had low
serum calcium levels but serum phosphorous levels varied and about alkaline phosphatase, 62.7% of
patients have high and 37.3% have normal serum alkaline phosphates, about 61% have high serum
PTH. 37% have normal serum PTH and 2% have low serum PTH, 66.7% of breast feeding and 6.1%
of bottle feeding patients have ricketic x-ray changes, this is not significant. 88.9% of babies of
hypocalcemic mothers have ricketic bone changes; most of the babies of hypocalcemic mothers are
presented early 77.8% less than 6 months of age. Thus, infants under 2 years of age are liable to have
vitamin D deficiency rickets particularly if they are exclusively breastfed with reduced exposure to
sunlight, seizures are the most important presented symptom of hypocalcaemia.

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